典型深街谷内树木空间配置对行人呼吸高度处气流的影响     

林定  申小云  朱勇兵  陈崇成 《地球信息科学学报》2018,20(9):1235-1243

为揭示树木的不同空间配植方案对行人呼吸高度气流的影响,本文将树木视为均匀多孔介质,通过附加源项法从空气动力学角度用CFD模拟了H/W=2的典型深街谷几何内4种树木配植情景,实验表明,不同空间配置下树木对街谷内行人呼吸高度处局地气流的影响强弱在空间分布模式上差异悬殊：① 均匀种植的树木对街谷内行人呼吸高度的气流起到阻碍作用,不均匀种植则有效提升街谷的整体流速。4种空间配植方案下树木对气流的影响程度不同,阻碍作用从大到小的顺序为均匀间距8 m（Spa8m）>均匀间距6 m（Spa6m）>均匀间距20 m（Spa20m）>不均匀配植（Non-uniform）;对应的平均气流增强指标顺序为$\bar{D}_{spa8}$（-19.31%）<$\bar{D}_{spa6}$（-16.14%）<$\bar{D}_{spa20}$（-10.73%）<$\bar{D}_{non-uniform}$（1.25%）。② 对比不均匀和均匀的种植方案,不均匀植树的街谷内部行人呼吸高度的气流流速比其对照案例（均匀植树Spa8m方案）整体增强了106.49%。街谷中部不种树,在街谷两端配置树木并预留足够的自由空间的不均匀植树方案,能够让角涡渗入街谷中部,促使街谷内部的垂直漩涡和两端的水平角涡运动,增强湍流和垂直交换,有效减少了街道两端“风口效应”和街道中部“风影效应”的区域,改善了整个街谷行人呼吸平面的风环境。④ 合理空间配置的树木能够改善街谷内部的行人风环境。街谷内行人呼吸高度处的气流对局地条件很敏感,树木的局部配置（空间簇集、密度）将引起强烈的空间变化。在既有城市建筑布局条件下,如何通过谨慎的景观设计,利用树木等城市绿化措施有效地改善城市的行人风环境,缓解污染扩散、疾病传播等问题,本文的方法可提供一定的参考。  相似文献   

Bearing capacity of offshore umbrella suction anchor foundation in silty soil under varying loading modes     

Qi Yang  Guanglai Pan  Quandi Wang 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2018,36(7):781-794

Considering the current disadvantages of present offshore wind turbine foundations, a novel anchor foundation with skirt and branches is proposed, called offshore umbrella suction anchor foundation (USAF). A series of experiments and numerical simulations were performed to explore the bearing capacity of the USAF under various kinds of loading modes. The bearing characteristics and the anchor–soil interactions are described in detail for horizontal static loading, horizontal cyclic loading, and an antidrawing (pullout) test in silty soil. In the static loading test, the load–deflection of the anchor under step loading was analyzed and the normalized curve of the load–deflection was obtained to determine the ultimate horizontal bearing capacity of the anchor under normal working conditions. Under horizontal cyclic loading, the relationship between the plastic cumulative deformation and cyclic number was determined. In addition, the responses of USAF were investigated for a low wave frequency and storm surges. In the drawing test, it was found that a “segmentation phenomenon” occurred during the test. Moreover, a method to identify the maximum antidrawing load of USAF was provided based on dynamic mechanics. The numerical results show that the use of anchor branches and skirt can enhance the bearing performance of USAF to a certain degree. However, the anchor branch has a slight positive influence on the bearing performance improvement. The USAF is not only similar to a stiff short pile, but a rotation occurs. The failure envelope under composite loading (V-M) was obtained and the changes associated with changes in the aspect ratio of the internal compartment were clarified.  相似文献   

基于圆柱多段拟合的隧道中轴线提取方法研究     

荆海峰  李广云  王力  杨文锋 《大地测量与地球动力学》2018,38(2):211-215

提出基于圆柱多段拟合的隧道中轴线提取方法。首先对隧道点云数据进行预处理，并将点云按隧道走向分成不同区段；然后对各区段依据轴线与表面点云法线垂直关系，提取精度较低的中轴线；最后对各区段利用圆柱多段拟合，提取精度较高的中轴线。实验表明，隧道中轴线的提取在一定的采样区间具有较高的稳定性，对直线和弯曲的圆形隧道有良好的适用性，算法可靠，精度较高。  相似文献   

Developing constitutive models from EPR‐based self‐learning finite element analysis          下载免费PDF全文

Ali Nassr  Akbar Javadi  Asaad Faramarzi 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2018,42(3):401-417

A constitutive model that captures the material behavior under a wide range of loading conditions is essential for simulating complex boundary value problems. In recent years, some attempts have been made to develop constitutive models for finite element analysis using self‐learning simulation (SelfSim). Self‐learning simulation is an inverse analysis technique that extracts material behavior from some boundary measurements (eg, load and displacement). In the heart of the self‐learning framework is a neural network which is used to train and develop a constitutive model that represents the material behavior. It is generally known that neural networks suffer from a number of drawbacks. This paper utilizes evolutionary polynomial regression (EPR) in the framework of SelfSim within an automation process which is coded in Matlab environment. EPR is a hybrid data mining technique that uses a combination of a genetic algorithm and the least square method to search for mathematical equations to represent the behavior of a system. Two strategies of material modeling have been considered in the SelfSim‐based finite element analysis. These include a total stress‐strain strategy applied to analysis of a truss structure using synthetic measurement data and an incremental stress‐strain strategy applied to simulation of triaxial tests using experimental data. The results show that effective and accurate constitutive models can be developed from the proposed EPR‐based self‐learning finite element method. The EPR‐based self‐learning FEM can provide accurate predictions to engineering problems. The main advantages of using EPR over neural network are highlighted.  相似文献   

资源三号和天绘一号卫星影像无控联合平差精度分析     

郑义  张宏伟  杜晓  张俊辉  周琦  林尚纬  陈利军 《测绘通报》2020,(7):10

近年来国产卫星传感器类型日益丰富，使用自主可控的国产卫星影像进行生产和研究的需求越来越大，多源国产卫星影像联合平差的精度分析显得尤为重要。本文针对在立体测图生产中，资源三号卫星影像在时相较旧、噪声较大、云覆盖和摄影漏洞等特殊困难的条件下，利用天绘一号卫星影像进行补漏生产的情况，最终分析并验证了两者无控联合平差的可行性和成果精度。  相似文献   

金矿立体地球化学探测模型与深部钻探验证   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王学求  张必敏  于学峰  杨德平  夏勇  谭亲平  刘耀文  张苏坤  田密  刘汉粮  李瑞红  韩志轩  熊玉新  吴慧  张宝云 《地球学报》2020,41(6):869-885

深部资源地球化学探测科学问题的的焦点是元素大深度垂向迁移机理和立体地球化学探测模型的建立。本文以胶东蚀变岩型金矿和贵州水银洞卡林型金矿钻孔岩芯和地表联合取样获得的数据, 建立千米深度立体地球化学探测模型。蚀变岩型金矿立体地球化学模型显示, Au、S和Hg与金矿密切相关, 分布模式既有相似性又有差异性, Au的立体几何分布模式兼具矿化剂元素S和远程指示元素Hg的双重特征, 金异常和矿化剂元素硫与矿体倾斜方向一致, 反映了成矿过程中流体沿控矿构造的轴向运移; 金异常与类气体元素汞在垂向上一致, 而且出现从矿体到地表的连续贯通式异常, 反映了流体沿微裂隙和纳米孔的垂向迁移。卡林型金矿立体地球化学模型显示, Au、As、Sb、Hg、Tl和S在不整合面都显示高含量特征, 与深部层状主矿体分布一致; 在矿体上覆地层中都存在弱异常, 显示了明显的成矿流体沿隐伏微小断裂垂向迁移特点; 所不同的是Sb和Tl元素在不整合面附近显示了最高的元素含量, 而Sb和Hg在近地表均显示了明显高的异常特征。立体几何模型清晰地显示了矿体的展布特征和范围, 而且金及其伴生元素垂向迁移在地表形成清晰异常, 为利用金及伴生元素和矿化剂元素进行深部矿体三维预测提供了重要依据, 对指导深部金矿勘查发挥了重要作用。针对胶东蚀变岩型金矿地表完全被土壤覆盖区的穿透性地球化学微细粒级土壤采样, 金属活动态提取分析圈定的异常, 经深部钻探验证, 胶东焦家成矿带五一村3200 m钻探, 在2428.00~3234.16 m深度发现6层矿化体, 其中高品位矿体位于2854 m深度; 上宫金矿地表基岩出露, 采集断层泥或裂隙岩石样品, 可以清晰探测深部异常, 经2000 m钻探, 在1312 m处发现高品位金铅锌银矿体; 贵州水银洞采集地表细粒级土壤, 能够直接有效地揭示深部金矿体, 经500~1500 m钻探验证, 在300~1500 m深度新增金资源量203 t。  相似文献   

基于重力测点和段差变化的前郭5.8级震群研究与三维反演     

王同庆  张品  刘金钊  陈兆辉  张双喜  朱传东 《大地测量与地球动力学》2019,39(5):469-475

利用东北地区近几年流动重力观测数据，分析前郭5.8级震群周边重力点值的时序变化特征，并基于重力段差变化对东北地区整体和局部重力变化引入能够反映异常显著性程度的指标量G和C值，最后对前郭5.8级震群前的重力场动态变化作三维密度反演。结果表明：1）前郭5.8级震群发震构造两侧的局部重力变化具有较明显的差异性，其变化趋势可作为识别构造活化或解耦运动的标志；2）显著性指标量G和C值能够为地震重力前兆的定量描述提供新思路；3）震前重力变化的反演结果显示地震发生在质量运移的过渡区域，垂向反演结果对本次地震的震源深度有一定的揭示意义。  相似文献   

陡立矿山岩壁治理中的飘台稳定性分析          下载免费PDF全文

王腾飞  王蒙 《探矿工程》2020,47(10):61-66

随着国家和社会的发展，人们对生态环境越发重视。在经济发展的过程中，因采矿而遗留下了大量的废弃矿坑，这些矿坑的治理迫在眉睫。飘台作为一种治理高陡光滑岩壁的有效方法，在实际工程中被大量使用，然而对飘台稳定性的分析大多停留在简单的公式上。本文设计了一种适用于陡立矿山岩壁治理的砼制飘台结构，提炼了计算飘台稳定性的公式并结合FLAC3D数值模拟软件，对飘台的稳定性进行了分析。研究结果表明，此砼制飘台比较适用于陡立矿山岩壁的治理。  相似文献   

察尔汗盐湖西北部典型采区地下卤水赋存状态的地面核磁探测与数值模拟研究          下载免费PDF全文

张光武  易磊  高泽永  韩凤清  陈富洪  马喆  卢晓航  刘小宝  韩光  袁文虎  刘溪溪 《盐湖研究》2020,28(1)

察尔汗盐湖地下晶间卤水蕴藏了宝贵的盐湖矿产资源,如何确定地下卤水的赋存规律以制定科学合理的卤水开采和补给方案,正成为盐湖资源大规模可持续利用亟需解决的重要问题。本文以察尔汗盐湖西北部的典型采卤区作为研究区域,1)利用新型的地面核磁共振找水仪,通过在研究区布设两条十字交叉的测线,探测并反演解译测区地下60米深度内的卤水静态赋存形式,2)结合OpenGeoSys(OGS)多物理场耦合地下水数值模拟软件,对测区地下卤水的动态运移形式进行数值模拟计算。地面核磁探测结果表明研究区含水量整体偏低,最大含水量约0.8%,平均含水量约0.4%。测点结果给出的含水层位分界面与邻近钻孔的地层层位分界面的一致性较高,浅部的层位误差在10%以下,达到了0.5米的精度。考虑到测区南北两边均有采卤渠正在汲取地下卤水,且在测区中心存在两条废弃的采卤渠,OGS地下水数值模拟研究结果表明采卤渠造成测区浅部卤水较大空缺,与研究区浅部含水量总体偏低的探测特征一致。研究结果表明地面核磁共振技术能准确探测卤水当前的赋存状态,地下水运移模拟技术可以深入认识采补活动引起卤水赋存状态的变化规律。探测和模拟结合的联合研究是确定卤水赋存规律的重要手段,研究成果可为盐湖资源合理开采高效利用提供基础资料和相关科学支撑。  相似文献   

城镇化与生态环境耦合的动态模拟——研究进展与展望     

崔学刚  方创琳  刘海猛  刘晓菲  李咏红 《地理学报(英文版)》2020,30(2):333-352

Urbanization and eco-environment coupling is a research hotspot.Dynamic simulation of urbanization and eco-environment coupling needs to be improved because the processes of coupling are complex and statistical methods are limited.Systems science and cross-scale coupling allow us to define the coupled urbanization and eco-environment system as an open complex giant system with multiple feedback loops.We review the current state of dynamic simulation of urbanization and eco-environment coupling and find that:(1)The use of dynamic simulation is an increasing trend,the relevant theory is being developed,and modeling processes are being improved;(2)Dynamic simulation technology has become diversified,refined,intelligent and integrated;(3)Simulation is mainly performed for three aspects of the coupling,multiple regions and multiple elements,local coupling and telecoupling,and regional synergy.However,we also found some shortcomings:(1)Basic theories are inadequately developed and insufficiently integrated;(2)The methods of unifying systems and sharing data are behind the times;(3)Coupling relations and the dynamic characteristics of the main driving elements are not fully understood or completely identified.Additionally,simulation of telecoupling does not quantify parameters and is not systemically unified,and therefore cannot be used to represent spatial synergy.In the future,we must promote communication between research networks,technology integration and data sharing to identify the processes governing change in coupled relations and in the main driving elements in urban agglomerations.Finally,we must build decision support systems to plan and ensure regional sustainable urbanization.  相似文献